The Birds and The PCBs talks about....Birds and PCBs

When I started this blog, I didn't think I was going to literally be blogging about birds and PCBs. But apparently I wrong.

I now present you with a heartbreaking story of songbirds, toxic chemicals, and tainted love. Sigh.

Researchers have found that chickadees that are exposed to very small, allowable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can’t keep a tune as well as other birds. Like many bird species, in chickadees, the females go for males with the best songs. So, PCB-exposed birds might lose out on mates, says Sara DeLeon, an ecologist at Cornell University.

The Cornell scientists examined chickadees living along New York’s Hudson River, not far from a General Electric power plant that used PCB insulators from 1907 until the 1970s, dumping some 500,000 kilograms of the toxic chemical into the river. The US government ordered GE to clean the PCB-contaminated waters, one of the country’s largest waste cleanups. Even though current levels are below EPA's regulatory limits and thus deemed "safe," traces remain in many sites on the river, and are impacting wildlife in subtle ways

PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a class of yucky chemicals that were banned in the 1970s for being persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are found to bioaccumulate in people and animals. They also have subtle effects in human, such as influencing sex ratios.

While the lackluster love songs of the PCB-contaminated birds could be a warning to the female chickadees that their mates aren't healthy, this could pose some serious problems for bird populations. "[E]ven female choice against chemically tainted birds, as is the case with the Hudson River chickadees, can threaten local birds if males don’t seem a good mating prospect and females move elsewhere in search of untainted love, DeLeon says. 'Populations could end up declining and birds might not end up living there.'"

And there you have it. Heartbreak, heartache, and chickadees.

Source: New Scientist

Children do not need to be made fire retardant

A new study by the Environmental Working Group found that toddlers and preschoolers typically have 3 times as much toxic flame retardants in their blood as their mothers. In total, they found 11 different flame retardants in the children, and 86 percent of the time the chemicals were present at higher levels in the children than their mother.

Why is it a bad idea to have flame retardants in kids' bloodstreams? Flame retardants, or PBDEs, are widely used in in furniture foams, industrial textiles, and consumer electronics. PBDEs have been found in human breast milk, wildlife, and in food. In 1998, Swedish scientists discovered that PBDEs may pose significant risks to human and environmental health. As a result, the European Union and the states of California, Hawaii, Maine, New York and Washington took action to reduce, or ban, the use of PBDEs.

The good news is that the Michigan Legislature is currently discussing legislation to ban deca-BDE, a type of toxic flame retardant that shouldn't be used anymore. I just took action to get deca-BDE banned in Michigan, and if you live in Michigan, you should take a second to take action as well: http://www.mnceh.org/take.deca.php

How do pirates fight global warming?

By reducing their cAAARGHbon footprints!

(Actually, there is a point to the this blog post, the pirate joke was just a freebie.)

Apparently, increased numbers of pirate attacks on ships carrying large loads of chemicals have raised international concerns about chemical terrorism. According to Chemical and Engineering News, last year there were 263 reports of attempted or actual attacks on vessels worldwide. Of these reports, 23 were on chemical tankers and 29 were on product tankers, which may carry bulk chemical loads that include oil. These numbers are exepected to be grossly under-reported.

Um. If terrorism is the only concern with ships carrying 40,000 tons of cancer causing toxins across the ocean, then I'll be dAARGHned.

This is fracking ridiculous

Fracking* fluids, or fracturing fluids, are fluids that are pumped into the ground to break up rocks and increase oil production in a process known as hydraulic fracking. Around 90 percent of all oil and gas wells in the U.S. uses this process.

The problem is, these fracking fluids are extremely toxic and go largely unregulated. Yet, millions of gallons of these fluids are used every years, and there are hundreds of reported spills.The EPA, however, says that fracking fluids are safe for the environment and groundwater, even though this is clearly not the case. Check out this Newsweek article on the health and environmental effects of fracking, and story of one woman who got poisoned by exposure to fracking fluids.

The upside is that in yet another example of states stepping in where EPA fails, Colorado has just announced it will be issuing regulations on fracking fluid. Yay, Colorado!

*Brian has pointed out that frack is also a swear word commonly used on Battlestar Galactica. For all my sci-fi geek fans (Megan), I apologize for the confusion.

Take Action to Get Toxic Flame Retardants Banned in MI

The Michigan Legislature is currently discussing legislation to ban deca-BDE, a type of toxic flame retardant that shouldn't be used anymore. Deca-BDE is part of a class of chemicals known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). They are widely used as flame retardants in furniture foams, industrial textiles, and consumer electronics. Deca-BDE is the most widely used form of PBDE, and is found in mattresses, televisions, computers, and residential upholstered furniture.

PBDEs have been found in human breast milk, wildlife, and in food. In 1998, Swedish scientists discovered that PBDEs may pose significant risks to human and environmental health. As a result, the European Union and the states of California, Hawaii, Maine, New York and Washington took action to reduce, or ban, the use of PBDEs.

I just took action to get deca-BDE banned in Michigan, and if you live in Michigan, you should take a second to take action as well: http://www.mnceh.org/take.deca.php

Gender Bender: Only Girls Being Born In Arctic Village

Really want to have a baby girl? Then I have a great place for you to live. In certain villages in northern Greenland, only baby girls are being born. Not only is this creepy, but its super disturbing as well. Altered sex ratios of population severely hinder the ability of the population to survive. And, this isn't just a problem in the Arctic. The ratio of baby boys to baby girls has been declining in the US and other industrialized countries since the 1970s.

Whats causing this crazy imbalance? I did some digging around, and it turns out that PCBs are one of the main chemicals linked to crazy sex ratios. PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a class of yucky chemicals that were banned in the 1970s for being persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are found to bioaccumulate in people and animals. A study that just came out found that women in San Francisco with high levels of PCBs in their bodies who became pregnant were a third less likely to give birth to a baby boy.

PCBs aren't the only culprit, though: studies have also linked dioxins, methylmercury, air pollution from incinerators, maternal exposure to non-ionizing radiation, paternal exposure to high voltages, paternal occupation, and parental smoking, among other things, to lower birth rates of boys.

Even though we can pat ourselves on the back for having banned PCBs, the fact that altered sex ratios seem to be a growing problem should be a warning that we need to take a hard look at our current system of chemical regulation. There are a ton of chemicals that we are exposed to every day that bioaccumulate in our bodies, and we don't know the effects of them.

Maine Does EPA's Job Better Than EPA

Since You-Know-Who took office in 2001, environmentalists, social activists, and those who like rainbows and sunshine have had to look places other than the federal government--namely, states and municipalities--for positive change. While not all states have been successful at passing laws for environmental protection (ahem, Michigan), some like California and now Maine, have been able to actually pass state legislation.

In the absence of EPA doing its job and protecting the public from toxic chemicals, Maine has stepped up and passed its own legislation to identify and investigate "chemicals of concern" in consumer products. It sounds like they are going to have their hands full. I suggest they start with phthalates, triclosan, and flame retardants (oh my!).

Good work, Maine! Way to step up again Lord Voldemort. I mean, President You-Know-Who. I mean...

Bacteria Makes Scary Things Scarier

Surfactants are chemicals that are used in the production of detergents, pesticides, and plastics. According to the Environmental Working Group, surfactants are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and suspected endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are chemicals that mimic or inhibit natural hormones. Endocrine disruptors have been linked to reproductive disorders, alterations in neurodevelopment, cancer, immune suppression and other negative health effects in humans and in wildlife.

Think thats scary? Researchers from Europe have just found that when bacteria and microbes break these surfactants down, they degrade into a chemical known as nonylphenol. Numerous studies have shown that this breakdown product is toxic and endocrine-disrupting. Because it mimics the natural hormone estrogen, organisms treat this chemical as if it was estrogen. In fact, at levels as low as 50−100 parts per billion (ppb), nonylphenol is capable of feminizing male fish.

Nonylphenol and nonyphenol ethoxylates, the surfactants that break down to nonylphenol, have been banned in the European Union because of their hazardous nature to human and environmental safety. Current regulations in the U.S., however, don't take into account the complexity of breakdown products, despite the fact that many common chemicals break down into more toxic substances.

Source: Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 10.1021/es800577a